106 research outputs found
Incorporating characteristics of human creativity into an evolutionary art algorithm
A perceived limitation of evolutionary art and design algorithms is that they rely on human intervention; the artist selects the most aesthetically pleasing variants of one generation to produce the next. This paper discusses how computer generated art and design can become more creatively human-like with respect to both process and outcome. As an example of a step in this direction, we present an algorithm that overcomes the above limitation by employing an automatic fitness function. The goal is to evolve abstract portraits of Darwin, using our 2nd generation fitness function which rewards genomes that not just produce a likeness of Darwin but exhibit certain strategies characteristic of human artists. We note that in human creativity, change is less choosing amongst randomly generated variants and more capitalizing on the associative structure of a conceptual network to hone in on a vision. We discuss how to achieve this fluidity algorithmically
Cultural Evolution as Distributed Computation
The speed and transformative power of human cultural evolution is evident
from the change it has wrought on our planet. This chapter proposes a human
computation program aimed at (1) distinguishing algorithmic from
non-algorithmic components of cultural evolution, (2) computationally modeling
the algorithmic components, and amassing human solutions to the non-algorithmic
(generally, creative) components, and (3) combining them to develop
human-machine hybrids with previously unforeseen computational power that can
be used to solve real problems. Drawing on recent insights into the origins of
evolutionary processes from biology and complexity theory, human minds are
modeled as self-organizing, interacting, autopoietic networks that evolve
through a Lamarckian (non-Darwinian) process of communal exchange. Existing
computational models as well as directions for future research are discussed.Comment: 13 pages Gabora, L. (2013). Cultural evolution as distributed human
computation. In P. Michelucci (Ed.) Handbook of Human Computation. Berlin:
Springe
Entanglement of Conceptual Entities in Quantum Model Theory (QMod)
We have recently elaborated 'Quantum Model Theory' (QMod) to model situations
where the quantum effects of contextuality, interference, superposition,
entanglement and emergence, appear without the entities giving rise to these
situations having necessarily to be of microscopic nature. We have shown that
QMod models without introducing linearity for the set of the states. In this
paper we prove that QMod, although not using linearity for the state space,
provides a method of identification for entangled states and an intuitive
explanation for their occurrence. We illustrate this method for entanglement
identification with concrete examples
The Guppy Effect as Interference
People use conjunctions and disjunctions of concepts in ways that violate the
rules of classical logic, such as the law of compositionality. Specifically,
they overextend conjunctions of concepts, a phenomenon referred to as the Guppy
Effect. We build on previous efforts to develop a quantum model that explains
the Guppy Effect in terms of interference. Using a well-studied data set with
16 exemplars that exhibit the Guppy Effect, we developed a 17-dimensional
complex Hilbert space H that models the data and demonstrates the relationship
between overextension and interference. We view the interference effect as, not
a logical fallacy on the conjunction, but a signal that out of the two
constituent concepts, a new concept has emerged.Comment: 10 page
Concepts and Their Dynamics: A Quantum-Theoretic Modeling of Human Thought
We analyze different aspects of our quantum modeling approach of human
concepts, and more specifically focus on the quantum effects of contextuality,
interference, entanglement and emergence, illustrating how each of them makes
its appearance in specific situations of the dynamics of human concepts and
their combinations. We point out the relation of our approach, which is based
on an ontology of a concept as an entity in a state changing under influence of
a context, with the main traditional concept theories, i.e. prototype theory,
exemplar theory and theory theory. We ponder about the question why quantum
theory performs so well in its modeling of human concepts, and shed light on
this question by analyzing the role of complex amplitudes, showing how they
allow to describe interference in the statistics of measurement outcomes, while
in the traditional theories statistics of outcomes originates in classical
probability weights, without the possibility of interference. The relevance of
complex numbers, the appearance of entanglement, and the role of Fock space in
explaining contextual emergence, all as unique features of the quantum
modeling, are explicitly revealed in this paper by analyzing human concepts and
their dynamics.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figure
A Quantum-Conceptual Explanation of Violations of Expected Utility in Economics
The expected utility hypothesis is one of the building blocks of classical
economic theory and founded on Savage's Sure-Thing Principle. It has been put
forward, e.g. by situations such as the Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes, that
real-life situations can violate Savage's Sure-Thing Principle and hence also
expected utility. We analyze how this violation is connected to the presence of
the 'disjunction effect' of decision theory and use our earlier study of this
effect in concept theory to put forward an explanation of the violation of
Savage's Sure-Thing Principle, namely the presence of 'quantum conceptual
thought' next to 'classical logical thought' within a double layer structure of
human thought during the decision process. Quantum conceptual thought can be
modeled mathematically by the quantum mechanical formalism, which we illustrate
by modeling the Hawaii problem situation, a well-known example of the
disjunction effect, and we show how the dynamics in the Hawaii problem
situation is generated by the whole conceptual landscape surrounding the
decision situation.Comment: 9 pages, no figure
Estimating the conditions for polariton condensation in organic thin-film microcavities
We examine the possibility of observing Bose condensation of a confined
two-dimensional polariton gas in an organic quantum well. We deduce a suitable
parameterization of a model Hamiltonian based upon the cavity geometry, the
biexciton binding energy, and similar spectroscopic and structural data. By
converting the sum-over-states to a semiclassical integration over
-dimensional phase space, we show that while an ideal 2-D Bose gas will not
undergo condensation, an interacting gas with the Bogoliubov dispersion
close to will undergo Bose condensation at a given
critical density and temperature. We show that is sensitive
to both the cavity geometry and to the biexciton binding energy. In particular,
for strongly bound biexcitons, the non-linear interaction term appearing in the
Gross-Pitaevskii equation becomes negative and the resulting ground state will
be a localized soliton state rather than a delocalized Bose condensate.Comment: 2 figure
Extracting Spooky-activation-at-a-distance from Considerations of Entanglement
Following an early claim by Nelson & McEvoy \cite{Nelson:McEvoy:2007}
suggesting that word associations can display `spooky action at a distance
behaviour', a serious investigation of the potentially quantum nature of such
associations is currently underway. This paper presents a simple quantum model
of a word association system. It is shown that a quantum model of word
entanglement can recover aspects of both the Spreading Activation equation and
the Spooky-activation-at-a-distance equation, both of which are used to model
the activation level of words in human memory.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Proceedings of the Third Quantum
Interaction Symposium, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol 5494,
Springer, 200
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